Internal-combustion engine



Dec. 16, 1930. 1 BERNER ET A1.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed May 14,

1928 4 Sheet-Sheet 1 D l .i l JL L I l 1 O A INVENTORS'.

BY g ATTORNEY Dec. 16, 1930.V v Y .LBERNE-R ET'AL i 1,785,176

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed May 14, 1928 4"Sheets-Shveet 2 IN VEN TORS.

BY m

ATTORNEY De. 16, 193).` A BERNER 'ETAL 1,785,176

INTERNAL COMBUSTI ON ENGINE Filed May 14, 192e 4 sheets-sheet s IN V vEN TORS'.

f77-' BY @0T/twig,

ATTORNEY Dec. 16, ,1930. L. BERNER ET AL 1,785,175

INTERNAL COMBUSTIO'N ENGINE Filed May 14",\1928 4 Sheef'S-Sheet 4 INVENTORS.

ATTORNEY Patented Dec. 16, 1930 UNITEI) STATES PLATENToFFIcE Luo BERNER, or SOUTH MILWAUKEE, AND PAUL Lona, oF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE i Application mea May 14,1928. serial No. 277.582.

The invention relates to internal combustion engines;

One of the objects of the invention is to provide an internal combustion engine, preferably of the two cycle type, in which the cylinder is mounted for oscillatory movement and acts to control one of the valves, preferably the exhaust valve.

Another object of the invention is to provide an internal combustion engine in which a certain amount of residual gases are left in the cylinder at they end of the exhaust stroke and the fresh charge mixture is intro.- duced into the cylinder vat high pressure compared to the scavenging pressures usually used on two cycle engines, whereby the combustion process will be improved. y

Afurther object yof the invention isV to arovide a two c cle enUine in which the freshV charge is compressed at the back ofthe piston and a special port arrangement controlled by the piston is used'to control the flow of .the fresh charge to the cylinder, the exhaust taking place atthe top of the cylinder.

A further object ofthe invention is to provide a two cycle internal combustion engine` in which the fresh charge 1s compressed 1n a` chamber at the back of the piston, its entrance theretov being controlled by a piston valve driven in a novel vmanner from the' crank shaft of the engine. l A further object of the invention is to provide an internalcombustio'n ,enginev in which the fresh charge is heated by the heat'given of by the walls of the cylinder.

A further object Vof theinventionis'to provide a novel form of valve mechanism associated withthe oscillatory engine cylinder and operated thereby tocontrol the flow 0f' of the piston, with meansfor transmitting the thrust from thehpiston `to an extension of the cylinder associated with the crankshaft.

The invention further consists in the 'sev.

eral features hereinafter set forthandmore particularly defined by claims at the conclusion hereof. v

In thedrawings Fig. 1 is a side elevation View of an engine embodyingthe invention;

Fig. 2 is a rear end view of the engine;

Fig. 8 is a vertical sectional View takenlon4 the line 3-3 of Fig. 2, including certain modifications; 'y Y Fig. 4' is a ldetail sectional view taken on the line 4.-4 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a detail sectional view taken on the line 5 5 of Fig. 3; Y y

Fig. 6 is a detail sectional view taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5K; i

Figs 7 'and 8 are detail sectional views of the releasable; valve-holding means in different positions; v

Figs. 9, 107 11 and 12 are diagrammatic views showing the positionof the engine parts at different times in the vcycle ofv operation; p i l f Fig. 13 is a detail View takenon theline 13-13 of Fig. 9. i Y i Referring to the drawings, the numeral 14 designates the lowerrhalf of the crank case, 15 the upper half ofthecrank case extending to forman entablaturel upon which a Vfixed head 17 is supported `and to'which it is secured, Vthe crank shaft 18 being journalled inthe usual manner in hearings 19 on the l upper half of the crank case and bearing lcaps 2O bolted thereto.

frame'paits.of the engine. VAs shown, eachv trunnion 22 is formed as an extension of the Y cylinder barrel journalledinra split bearing 'bushing 24 whose lower half is mounted in a semicylindrical reeess25 formed inthe entablature or frame 16 and whose upper half islnounted within a bearing cap 26 Se cured at its endsby bolts or other suitable fastening means to said'entablature.

The head-28 of'ea'ch cylinder is secured to y the cylinderbarrel by studs 29 carried by the head, extending through and suitably-` 'Vclamped `to bosses130 on the cylinder` barrel. Each.v trunnion Yl2?) may be formed like the trunnion 2Q or may be formed, shown, partly by an extension ot' the cylinder barrel and partly by an extension 31 oli the head, said parts being fitted to pivot in a split bearing bushing 32 Whose lower half is mounted in a semicylindrical recess 83 in the entablature and Whose upper hallc is mounted Within a bearing cap 34 secured at its ends by bolts or other suitable fastening means to said entablature 16.

A piston mountedto reciprocate in each cylinder and is provided with a pistonrod 36 slidably mounted in a tubular extension 37 et' the cylinder and having` sealing rings 37 mounted on itand having a split bearing 38 journalled on al crank pin 39 of the crank shaft. To more eiiiciently transmit the thrust, each cylinder has a forked Web extension 40 Whose bifurcations 41 from guides Jfor a cross-head formed by extensions 4Q on the upper half of the bearing end of the piston-rod 36, as shown more particularly in Figs. and 6.

lith this construction it Will be noted that as the crank shaft 18 is rotated the cylinders 21 Will be oscillated by the movement of said shalt/,the cylinders preferably bein g arranged in pairs with the crank throws or' the crank shaft for each pair of cylinders at one hundred and eighty degrees apart so that for two cycle operation lthere are two power strokes to each revolution of the crank shaft for each pair of cylinders.

The iixed head 17 of the engine is provided with a cooling jacket space 4S, exhaust ports 44, mixture inlet spaces 45 having ports 46, and an ignition chamber 47 having a port 47 for each cylinder of a pair. The exhaust ports 44 communicate With an exhaust conduit 48 secured to the head 5 the inlet spaces with a pipe or manifold 49 connected with the carburetor 50, and a sparking ignition plug 51 extends into each chamber 47.

Each ,cylinder head 31 is provided with spaced exhaust ports 59. adapted to register with the exhaust ports 44 and with a port 53 movable into register ivith the portV 47 at the proper time in the cycle of the engine.

ifa semieylindrical oscillatory valve 54, whose axis coincides with the axis of oscillation of the cylinder', is interposed. between the head 31 ot each cylinder and the iiXed head, said heads being curved to accuratelyconferm to the cui ure ofthe valve and sealing halt rings 55 may be mounted in eac-h cylinder bead 31 and pressed by springs 56 against the end portions oft' each valve. Each valve has spaced exhaust ports 57 adapted to iter with the exhaust ports 44 and 52, a port 5S adapted to register with the ports and 47', and ports 59 adapted to register with he ports 46 at the proper time in the cycie ot the engine.

lilach valve 54 is intermittently oscillated by the movement of the cylinder associated therewith and for this purpose We provide projections 60 and 61 alternately engageable With the adjacent side edges of said valve. In order to prevent possibility oi movement ot the valve through frictional torce of the moving cylinder, We provide restraining means, such as a holding member 62 pivoted to the trame at 63 and held against the valve by a spring 64.

Diametrically disposed mixture inlet passages 65 in each cylinder 21 lead to an annular space 66 at the back end olf the cylinder communicating through a port 67 with the cylinder space at the back ot the piston, each ot' said ports being controlled by a reciprocating piston valve 67 operated by an eccentric 68 formed as a part olI the crank shaft and operatively connected to said valve by the eccentric strap 69 and rod 70. Ports 71 are formed in the cylinder communicating by transfer passages 7 2 with scavenge ports 73 uncovered by the piston as it nears the end of the exhaust stroke.

The registering exhaustports 52, 57, asA

shoivn in Figs. 3, 5 and 13, are preferably relatively long and narrow, to secure a quick maximum port opening and permit ot an ellis cient seal.

The cylinders Q1 may be cooled by conduction from the cooled head and jacket spaces 74 formed in the frame, as shown in connection with the end cylinder or" Fig. 3, but ii desired er necessary each cylinder, as shown in connection with theinner cylinder of Fig. 8, may be provided With a jacket space 75 supplied with cooling liquid by suitable communication With a space 76 in each trunnicn which is connected to a source oi cooling liquid by pipes 77, including ball joints 78. The mixture inlet passages 65 are preferably arranged to receive heat from the cylinder Wall so as to insure an efficient mixture.

YRelerring more particularly to Figs. 9 to 13, inclusive, the operation of the engine will now be explained. In Fig. 9 the piston has completed its upward movement whereby a fresh charge has been drawn in behind it through the port 67', thevalve 67 being open, and the charge in the comluistion chamber has been compressed, at which. time the exhaust ports are in a lapped or closed position, the ports 47, 5S and 53 are in alined or open position, establishingcommunication between the ignition chamber 47 and the combustion chamber and the piston valve 67 is nearing its closed position and the charge in said combustion chamber is beingl fired either by the spark plug 51 duringV starting or by heated products of combustion trapped'in said chamber 47 during running. it being noted that this ignition chamber may be used for furnishing an ignitingcharge for more than one, preferably a pair ot cylinders, and that but a single ignition plug is necessary for each ignition chamber. On ignition oi the charge the piston moves downwardly in the cylinder under the action of the expanding gases, the valve 67 closing so that the next charge is being compressed in the space in back of the piston to the desired pressure and the cylinder oscillating toward the right thereby moving ports 53 and 52 toward the left and causing projection 60 to engage the valve 54, whichup to about this time has remained stationary, and swing it to the left to bring ports 57 into register with ports44and move port 58 out of register with port 47', the parts then being in substantially theposition shown in Fig. 10 when the piston has travelled through half its stroke. As the piston continues to move downwardly, further compressing the new charge, the cylinder oscillates from the position shown in Fig. 10 to that shown in Fig. 1l, the valve 54 being then stationary, with the ignition chamber'cut olip and ports 52 coming into register with the ports 57 and 44 to allow the exhaust gases to escape at the time the piston khas moved to uncover the ports 72, as shown in Fig. 11. At this time the compressed, new charge has passed from the space in back of the piston through ports 7l and transfer ports 72 and passage 73 into the cylinder, driving out the desired amount ofV residual gases and filling the cylinder with the new charge. As the piston starts on its compres- Y sion stroke the cylinder 21 swings past its vertical position, shown Vin Fig. l1, to the left, as shown in Fig. 12, during which time the valve 67 is opened to permit the induction of a new charge behind the piston and the projection 61 has engaged the valve 54 tomove it back to the initial position shown in Figs. l2 and 9, while the ignition chamber is still cut oii by the lapped position of the port 53 and the exhaust isfcut 0H bv the lapped position of the ports 52 and 57. As thepiston lnoves from the position'shown in Fig. l2 to that shown in Fig. 9, compression of the charge is completed in front'of itl andinduction of the new charge behind-'it while the cylinder swings back to vertical position, shown in Fig. 9, and the cycle is then repeated. The mixture inlet ports 46 and 59, while moving relatively to each other during the Vcycle of operations, are always in communication. I

The preferred method of operating the engine is to retain a greater amount of the residual gases than usual and to use arelatively high pressure to provide the new charge, whereby the combustion process will be improved, since lany of the lunburned fuel in the first charge will be consumed in `the following combustion period.

It will also be noted from the above that as soon as the engine becomes heated the ignition of the charge is automatic and since the cylinders are arranged in pairs with .the

pistons at one'hundred and eighty degrees apart, this chamber will be alternately charged with burning gases from each cylinder, thereby insuring-ignition of the charge l y in the other cylinder.

tively connected to the crank shaft, and valve* mechanism including an oscillatory valve.V`

member intermittently actuated by the movement ofthe cylinder in its cycle.

2.` In an internal combustion engine, the.

combination with a plurality of cylinders, pistons working in each cylinder, means for introducing the working medium into each cylinder, an ignition chamber for said-cylinders,rand means for bringing said ignition.v chamber into communication wltheach cylinder near or at the end of the compression stroke of the piston in that cylinder.

In an internal combustion engine, Ithe combination of an oscillatory cylinder provided with a head having a port therein, and

aslide-valve controlling said port and positively and intermittently actuated by the cylinder. i

4. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of an oscillatory cylinder provided'with a semicylindrical head having a mediallyrdisposed exhaust port, a semicylindrical slide-valve having a port to register with said iirst-named port, a fixed head having a port registering with said ports, a pistonworking insa-id cylinder, said cylinder having inlet ports uncovered by the piston at the end of'its stroke,'said port .arrangement provided for thev straight flow of gases out of and into the cylinder. v

`5. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of an oscillatory cylinder provided With a semicylindrical head i exhaust port and an ignition port formed therein, a semicylindrical oscillatory valve having ports to register `with said first-named ports, afixed head having ports registerable with the above named ports,iand provided withan ignition chamber,`means for intermittently actuating said valve by the cylinder, a crank shaft, ra piston working in said.`

cylinder and operatively connected to said crank shaft, and means for introducing the charge into the cylinder.

6. In an" internal combustion engine, the combination of an oscillatory cylinderprovided with a semicylindrical head having an therein, a semicylindrical. oscillatory valve having ports to register with said first-named having anV `exhaust port andan ignition port formed y ports, a ixcd head having ports registerable with the above named ports and provided with an ignition chamber, said cylinder having parts intermittently engageable with said valve to oscillate the same by the cylinder, a crank shaft, a piston working in said cylinder and operatively connected to said cylinder and crank shaft, and means for introducing the charge into the cylinder. 1G 7. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination of an oscillatory cylinder provided with a curved head whose center of curvature coincides with the center of oscillation of' the cylinder, a semicylindrical valve of similar curvature, ports in said head and said valve, a iixed head having a port adapted to register with said rst-named ports, said cylinder having projections engageable with said valve to intermittently os- 29 cilla-te the same, and means for otherwise restraining the movement of said valve.

8. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with the engine frame, of an engine cylinder mounted to oscillate in said frame, exhaust valve mechanism controlled by the oscillation of said cylinder and controlling the passage of gases from the upper end of the cylinder, a piston working in the cylinder, a compression space formed in the 3@ cylinder behind the piston, scavenge ports communicating with said space and uncovered by the piston at the end of its inner stroke, and a crank shaft operatively connected to said piston and cylinder for actuat- 35 ing the same. i

9. ln an internal combustion engine, the combination of a pair of adjacent cylinders and a chamber connecting said cylinders, of valve means for controlling the flow of hot gases successively from said cylinders to said chamber and for establishing communication between said chamber and one of said cylinders while closing communication between said chamber and the other cylinder whereby 45 the hot gases of one cylinder are used :for ignition of the compressed charge in the other cylinder. Y

l0. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a pair of adjacent cylinders ,.0 and `a chamber connecting said cylinder, of a valve tor each cylinder controlling the How of hot gases from its associated cylinder to said chamber, said valves being alternately operable to establish communication between 55 said chamber and said cylinders, whereby the hot gases from one cylinder are used to ignite the compressed charge in the other cylinder, each valve also timing the ignition of the charge in the cylinder. @e ln testimony whereof, we aiiXy our signatures.

LEO BERNIER. `PAUL LOHR. 

